Immunotherapy for Cancer - 4th edition

The field of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of several cancers. Since the introduction of checkpoint protein inhibitors, the immunotherapy development has been booming, and numerous therapeutic strategies are now under development, such as cell therapy with the development of CAR-T cells, vaccination, and the development of bispecific antibodies. These new strategies will improve current treatments, especially for cancers resistant to existing immunotherapies.

The programme will place a particular emphasis on the interaction between theory, research, and practice around the problem-based approach. It will include:

1. theoretical and technical courses, taught by local professors;
2. practical workshops organized in small groups in local laboratories to allow students perform experimental manipulation and analysis of the experimental data. 

Guest speakers will punctuate the program by giving both seminars presenting current immunotherapies development in cancer as well as in-depth research seminars.

• a general introductory module providing an overview of the history and development of immunotherapy within the context of cancer and immunology research;
• a general technology module presenting the principles and techniques that will be developed during the practical workshops;
• a module on cell therapy;
• a module on vaccination;
• a module on antibody-based therapies;
• a computational and statistical module.

This training will allow students to:

• develop or deepen their practical and theoretical knowledge of immunotherapies and their applications;
• develop critical thinking skills to support the selection and development of new immunotherapies;
• develop skills in applying research and translating findings to patients (experimentation);
• develop skills in data processing (bioinformatics analysis, AI);
• organize, analyze, and promote a scientific project based on experimental approaches related to the use of immunotherapies.

Moreover, the programme will provide a solid background to students, which can be used throughout their master and PhD studies, either in the frame of experimental work, or when reading the scientific literature. Practical workshops and mini-research projects will provide an invaluable experience.

The physical mobility part will be running from 5 to 9 July 2027 in Marseille, France.

The physical part will consist of a 5-days intensive summer school presenting, in modules, the latest advances in immunotherapy and their future in clinical practice. They will be taught by researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals to provide students with a broad overview of existing possibilities and to broaden their perspective on the future:

• a general introductory module providing an overview of the history and development of immunotherapy within the context of cancer and immunology research;
• a general technology module presenting the principles and techniques that will be developed during the practical workshops;
• a module on cell therapy;
• a module on vaccination;
• a module on antibody-based therapies;
• a computational and statistical module.

The virtual part of the program will take place between 1 February - 2 July 2027 and will consist of an EU module "Machine learning: application to the analysis of single-cell data sets" with an asynchronous format. Students will be able to follow the courses remotely via Zoom before July 06, 2027.

Also, during a period of 15 days, preceding the physical part, a Moodle platform will be made available to students for the introduction of mini-research projects, the “Immunotherapy challenges”, as part of the active pedagogical implementation, that the students will present during the physical part once the courses and workshops completed.

Students will work in groups of 5, with research articles provided by the teachers. Each group will be led by an AMU or CIVIS teacher-researcher. Together they will answer "How to design an experimental plan using a given immunotherapy technique to answer a given biological question".

Virtual component 

• MCQ examination, for the EU Machine Learning: application to the analysis of single cell data sets
• active participation to online introduction of the mini-research projects, the “Which immunotherapy for which cancer?”

Physical component

• active participation to talks from Keynote lecturers and research speakers (asked questions and participation to round tables with speakers);
• poster presentation (best poster selected by a CIVIS jury);
• active participation to the practical workshops;
• mini research project presentation (best presentation selected by a CIVIS jury).

Motivation Letter

CV

Other

Applications will be evaluated based on the following 3 documents:

• Motivation letter
• CV
• Letter of recommendation by a professor and / or a research supervisor who knows the students well.

Any missing documents will cancel the application.

Keynote lecturers:

• Chiara Bonini, U. Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy. Her main research focus is the development, preclinical and clinical validation of cell and gene therapy approaches to treat cancer. She pioneered the clinical use of genetically engineered lymphocytes in the context of stem cell transplantation, leading to the first cell-based gene therapy product approved by EMA for oncologic diseases. Her group has extensive experience on cancer immunotherapy, genetic manipulation of T cells, including TCR/CAR gene transfer. In particular, she developed the TCR gene editing approach to completely and permanently redirect T cell specificity. 
• Olivier Michielin, UNIGE. Olivier Michielin holds a Master’s degree in Physics from EPFL and a Swiss Federal Medical Diploma, awarded by UNIL in 1997. He then joined the laboratory of Martin Karplus—who would later receive the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry—at Harvard University and the University of Strasbourg, where he worked on modelling the TCR–peptide complex and completed an MD-PhD in 2001. Upon returning to Switzerland, he joined the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) as a group leader in molecular modelling. At the same time, he trained in medical oncology at CHUV.
• Ton Schumacher, The Netherlands Cancer Institute. Our research ambition is to dissect how the human immune system can recognize cancer cells, and how such recognition can be strengthened for therapeutic purposes. To achieve this goal we employ a technology-driven approach, in which novel assay systems are designed that can be used to determine how tumor-specific immune responses develop and are regulated. This technological toolbox is then exploited to reveal the mode of action of clinically used immunotherapies and to design more specific and more effective immune interventions.

International lecturers:

• Georgina Long, Melanoma Institute Australia. Professor Georgina Long AO, BSc (Hons1, UM) PhD MBBS (Hons) FRACP FAHMS AAHMS FAA FASCO, is Medical Director of Melanoma Institute Australia (MIA), and Chair of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Translational Research at MIA and Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney. She leads an extensive clinical trials team and laboratory at MIA, with a focus on immuno-oncology and targeted therapies in melanoma. She is principal investigator on phase I, II and III clinical trials in (neo)adjuvant and metastatic melanoma, including trials in patients with active brain metastases. She is the chief investigator on NHMRC funded research into the molecular biology of melanoma, with a particular interest in clinical and tissue biomarker correlates of systemic therapy sensitivity and resistance.
• Miriam Merad, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Dr. Merad is an internationally acclaimed physician-scientist and a leader in the fields of dendritic cell and macrophage biology with a focus on their contribution to human diseases. Dr. Merad identified the tissue resident  macrophage lineage and revealed its distinct role in organ physiology and pathophysiology. She established the contribution of this macrophage lineage to cancer progression and inflammatory diseases and is now working on the development of novel macrophage-targeted therapies for these conditions. In addition to her work on macrophages, Dr. Merad is known for her work on dendritic cells, a group of cells that control adaptive immunity. She identified a new subset of dendritic cells, which is now considered a key target of antiviral and antitumor immunity.
• Sebastian Kobold, LMU Llinikum. Within this raising field of immuno-oncology, we mainly focus on engineering of genetically modified T cells, with not only the famous Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells, but also own proprietary platforms, in several solid tumor type and leukemias. Within this field, we further develop approaches to enhance T cell´s full potential to approach and kill tumor cells via tumor infiltration and trafficking, T cell activation despite antigen escape and inhibition of local immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment (TME) in vitro and in vivo. [Publications: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. In addition, we also examine how bi- and polyspecific antibodies may bring T cells in the proximity of tumor cells both for enhanced killing in vitro and survival in vivo [Publication: 8]. As the majority of these novel and uncharted approaches to attack solid tumors and leukemias are not approved the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA), our mission is clear: To Make That Happen.
• Justin Eyquem, UC San Francisco. Affiliate investigator at Gladstone Institutes. He is also an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Hematology and Oncology at UC San Francisco (UCSF). Eyquem seeks to optimize genetically modified immune T cells known as CAR-T cells to fight cancers and other diseases. To this end, he has been improving methods to edit the genome of human CAR-T cells and reprogram their functions. He is also developing animal models to assess their therapeutic efficacy in preclinical trials, and participating in multiple collaborations to facilitate their manufacturing for clinical use.
• Alena Gros, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology. The primary focus of Alena's research is devoted to understanding the naturally occurring T cell responses to cancer, and exploring ways to exploit these antitumor responses to generate personalized cancer immunotherapies. Her current research focuses on identifying neo-antigen specific lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with cancer. This work may contribute to make personalized T cell therapies more widely available. 
• John Haanen, CHUV An internationally renowned oncologist, Professor John Haanen has joined CHUV to strengthen the fight against cancer and provide patients with personalized, innovative treatments. He oversees patient care, research, and teaching at CHUV and UNIL, while also contributing his expertise to the oncology network in French-speaking Switzerland.
• Marco Donia, University of Copenhagen. I am a Clinician-Scientist in melanoma and cancer immunotherapy, with a background spanning laboratory research, real world evidence, and clinical practice. My work centers on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy and on resistance to immunotherapy. I lead the TIL research group at the National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, where we study immune-regulatory circuits in tumors resistant to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, work to improve TIL therapy, and study acquired resistance to immunotherapy across tumors with multiple methodologies. As a clinical oncologist, I treat patients with cancer immunotherapy. I am Professor of Clinical Oncology, with a focus on Immuno-Oncology, at the University of Copenhagen, where I teach clinical oncology and cancer research. As Chairman of the Skin Cancer Scientific Committee at the Danish Medicines Council (Medicinrådet), I contribute to the comparative-effectiveness assessment of new treatments. What I value most is helping the people in my group do exceptional work, and building genuine collaboration among colleagues. I also care about communicating research clearly, to specialists and to a wider audience.
• Ping-Chi Ho, Ludwig cancer Research. I am a cancer immunologist, and my research focuses on immunometabolism in T cells and macrophages. My laboratory explores how the metabolic crosstalk between cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells shapes the immunosuppressive microenvironment that helps tumors evade immune clearance. Our ultimate goal is to exploit this knowledge to develop interventions to reprogram the tumor microenvironment, reverse immunosuppression and broaden and boost the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. My interests in cancer biology and signaling cascades began during my undergraduate and postgraduate training toward a master’s degree at National Taiwan University and grew over the course of my graduate studies toward a PhD at the University of Minnesota. During my postdoctoral training with Susan Kaech at Yale University, I focused on how T cells utilize aerobic glycolysis to support productive T cell immune responses and demonstrated how cancer cells evade T cell immunosurveillance by depriving infiltrating T cells of glucose, which is consumed in large amounts by malignant cells. I was recruited as an adjunct Ludwig scientist and tenure-track assistant professor in the Department of Oncology at the University of Lausanne in 2015 and became a full member of the Ludwig Institute in 2023, when I was promoted to full professor at the University of Lausanne. My work is establishing a fundamental understanding of  how tumor cells evade immunosurveillance through their metabolism, and how we can preprogram the metabolic machinery of immune cells to improve immunotherapy. My work is also delineating links between metabolic processes, signaling cascades and epigenetic programming in the activation and differentiation of T cells and macrophages. I have been fortunate to receive several awards, including the Swiss Bridge Award, Anna Fuller Award, Cancer Research Institute-CLIP investigator award, Melanoma Research Alliance-SITC Young investigator Award and a European Research Council Starting Grant. I was recently named a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization’s Young Investigator Programme. I am also a member of the editorial board of the journal Immunometabolism.
• Josef Leibold, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen. The development of cancer occurs through malignant transformation – a stepwise process in which normal cells acquire genetic alterations, leading to their uncontrolled cell division and escape from immune cell recognition. Therapeutic approaches aim at reverting this process by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and re-establishing recognition and clearance of malignant cells by the immune system. The Feucht and Leibold labs work at the interface of cancer biology and tumor immune cell interactions. Through insights into cancer cell intrinsic immune surveillance and escape mechanisms the labs aim to identify novel and personalised treatment strategies involving Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T and NK cells for patients with late stage malignancies.
• Daniela Thommen, NKI. Immunothérapie has revolutionized cancer treatment and is now used for many cancer types. However, not all patients benefit yet from this therapy. As a tool to investigate the effects of immunotherapy outside of the patient, our group develops patient-derived organotypic tumor models. Using these models, we study how tumor immune composition and architecture influence immunotherapy responses and how distinct treatments can alter immune activity in a tumor. Our ultimate goal is to contribute to the development of personalized immunotherapies by identifying new biomarkers or treatment strategies.
• Leeat Keren, Weizmann. The Keren lab uses MIBI-TOF (Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging by Time of Flight), a novel imaging platform in which antibodies conjugated to metals are used to simultaneously visualize dozens of proteins by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). The result is a high-dimensional image, depicting sub-cellular protein expression and localization in situ.
• Sinem Saka, EMBL. The Saka group develops new tools and methods to investigate the spatial and molecular organisation of cells across scales. The group harnesses new labelling approaches; fluorescence, super-resolution, and correlative microscopy methods; and DNA nanotechnology.
• Anja Hauser, DRFZ Berlin. The aim of research at the DRFZ is to better understand rheumatic diseases, diagnose them early and treat them in a targeted manner. Through cutting-edge research at the cellular and tissue level, we develop innovative, personalised therapies that specifically interrupt the inflammatory process. We analyse health risks and gaps in care to improve treatment and quality of life for patients. Using artificial intelligence and systems biology methods, we decipher the complex mechanisms of rheumatic diseases, identify biomarkers for early diagnosis and optimise therapies.
• Mohamed Bentires-Alj, University Hospital Basel. We explore both cell autonomous (genetics, epigenetics, and proteomics) and non-cell autonomous mechanisms (immune cells, adipcoytes, and other stromal factors). We use systems medicine quantitative methods, synthetic lethal screens, unbiased pooled shRNA, CRISPR, transposon-based screens, and hypothesis-driven approaches. Computational biology is a very important part of our research. Moreover, we use multiphoton intravital imaging to assess the interactions between cancer cells and immune cells. These interdisciplinary projects seek to elucidate the integrated effects of signaling pathways and epigenetics on breast cell fate and tumor heterogeneity, and to leverage this mechanistic understanding into therapy. To this end, we collaborate with clinicians and have built a Breast Cancer Personalized Medicine Team which should ultimately improve treatment for patients in Basel and throughout the world.
• Johanna Joyce, UNIL. Cancers develop in complex tissue environments, which they depend upon for sustained growth, invasion and metastasis.  Inhibiting support from non-cancerous immune and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is considered to be an attractive therapeutic approach, as these cells are genetically normal and thus less likely to acquire drug resistance, a frequent outcome when targeting genomically unstable tumor cells.  Different TMEs are populated by diverse cell types including innate and adaptive immune cells, fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic vascular networks, and specialised organ-specific cell types, in addition to the extracellular matrix, which collectively have critical functions in regulating tumorigenesis. As one illustrative example, in brain tumors there are not only tissue-specific cell types that contribute critically to the TME including astrocytes, microglia, and neurons, but there is also the unique structure of the protective blood-brain barrier which exquisitely controls the entry of cells and drugs into the brain. Our research program is focused on understanding how reciprocal communication between cancer cells and diverse immune and stromal cell types in the TME controls tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis, and modulates the response to therapeutic intervention.  We employ a range of complementary strategies to interrogate the TME including the comprehensive analysis of patient samples (RNA-seq, proteomics, immune phenotyping, single cell analyses etc), 3D co-culture systems to mimic the TME, mouse models of cancer, multi-modal in vivo imaging platforms, and diverse computational analyses. We currently have multiple projects focused on exploring the TME of primary and metastatic brain cancers, including analyses of diverse immune cell phenotypes, the blood and lymphatic vascular networks, and interrogation of the unique properties of the brain extracellular matrix. We also continue to explore the mechanisms involved in the dissemination of cancer, with an emphasis on interactions with the microenvironment at multiple steps in the metastatic cascade. Our ultimate goal is to apply this knowledge to the clinic and develop targeted therapies that disrupt essential tumor-microenvironment interactions for the benefit of patients.
• Livia Perfetto, SUR. In approximately 15 years of experience gained in different prestigious institutes, such as EMBL-EBI and Fondazione Human Technopole, I have acquired extensive knowledge and experience in network analysis, multi-omics data integration, personalized medicine, machine learning and database development and maintenance. The group I coordinate, albeit small, is motivated, enthusiastic and characterized by interdisciplinarity. The group benefits of a close collaboration between members of the SIGNOR database and a bioinformatics unit, within a collaboration between University of Rome La Sapienza, University of Rome Tor Vergata and Fondazione Human Technopole. Over the last years I’ve successfully administered different projects, established solid and long-term international collaborations and produced several peer-reviewed publications. From the beginning of my research I have focused on Biological Networks and on the functional insights we can gain from the analysis of physical and causal relationships between proteins. As detailed in the accompanying published manuscripts (see ‘Contribution to Science’), I have contributed to this general goal by looking at it from several angles. The observation that Network-based approaches to human diseases have multiple potential biological and clinical applications has offered me the opportunity to move to a more translational field.
• Chiara Napoletano, SUR. Immunological profiling of patients with solid tumors. These studies are based on the analysis of immune system modulation in cancer patients (lung, kidney, head and neck, breast cancer, and glioblastoma) during standard therapies, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies, evaluating the on- and off-target effects of the therapies.
• Aurelia Rughetti, Sapienza University of Rome. My research interests are mainly focused on tumor immunology and have a strong translational perspective. In recent years, my work has focused on: Mechanisms of cross‑talk between dendritic cells and tumors mediated by tumor glycans and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Immunosuppressive networks sustained by glycan–lectin interactions in tumors. Dendritic‑cell‑targeting strategies to optimize antigen presentation. Impact of conventional anti‑cancer therapies on the immune system of cancer patients and effects of targeted therapies on tumor immunogenicity. Immune fitness of patients and the impact of standard and immunotherapeutic regimens on the immune system to identify immune-related biomarkers in cancer and other pathological conditions.
• Denis Schapiro, Heidelberg University Hospital. Prof. Dr. Denis Schapiro is Acting Director of the Institute for Computational Biomedicine and Research Group Leader at the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University, Managing Director of the Translational Spatial Profiling Center (TSPC) and Adjunct IFOM Group Leader focusing on spatial omics technologies and analysis. He is also a co-founder and the current president of the European Society for Spatial Biology (ESSB) e.V. Before moving to Heidelberg, he was an Independent Fellow at the Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology at Harvard Medical School and the Klarman Cell Observatory at the Broad Institute where he was a a Damon Runyon Quantitative Biology Fellow mentored by Prof. Peter Sorger and Prof. Aviv Regev. Previously, he was supported by the SNFS Mobility Fellowship. Denis obtained his PhD from the University of Zurich and ETH Zurich in the laboratory of Prof. Bernd Bodenmiller where he worked on Imaging Mass Cytometry and corresponding analysis tools focusing on highly multiplexed image analysis. Denis is the lead developer of the histology topography cytometry analysis toolbox (histoCAT) and the multiple choice microscopy pipeline (MCMICRO). Prior to this, he received his diploma (Dipl. Biol. (t.o)) at the University of Stuttgart and Harvard Medical School working with Prof. Peter Sorger and Prof. Alfred Goldberg. He was also an intern at the Complex Systems Modeling Group at Bayer AG in Leverkusen focusing on PBPK modeling.
• Maria Tsoumakidou, NKUA and BSRC Fleming. We explore the dynamic interactions between cancer cells and the adaptive immune system, challenging established paradigms of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. By leveraging disease modelling, gene perturbations and high-throughput high-resolution phenotyping approaches, we identify and characterize immunostimulatory cancer antigen presenting cells that actively enhance T cell-mediated immunity. Our research underscores the potential of stromal cells as antigen-presenting cells, a concept that we have integrated into the "peripheral adaptive immune mesenchyme" framework. We have also revised the cancer immunity cycle to incorporate “the second touch hypothesis”. We posit that re-activation of the T cell receptors (TCRs) of CD4+ T cells within tumors is key for tumor rejection and seek roadmaps to harness intratumoral antigen presentation for effective cancer immunotherapy.

CIVIS visiting professors:

• Loretta Tuosto, Sapienza University of Rome
• Jean Gouzi, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens-Medical School
• Christian Schuerch, EKUT
• Peter Krenn, PLUS
• Dirk Schmidt-Arras, PLUS

amU professors:

• Laurent Gauthier, InnatePharma. Over the last decade, various new therapies have been developed to promote anti-tumor immunity. Despite interesting clinical results in hematological malignancies, the development of bispecific killer-cell-engager antibody formats directed against tumor cells and stimulating anti-tumor T cell immunity has proved challenging, mostly due to toxicity problems. We report here the generation of trifunctional natural killer (NK) cell engagers (NKCEs), targeting two activating receptors, NKp46 and CD16, on NK cells and a tumor antigen on cancer cells. Trifunctional NKCEs were more potent in vitro than clinical therapeutic antibodies targeting the same tumor antigen. They had similar in vivo pharmacokinetics to full IgG antibodies and no off-target effects and efficiently controlled tumor growth in mouse models of solid and invasive tumors. Trifunctional NKCEs thus constitute a new generation of molecules for fighting cancer.
• Daniel Olive, amU. As part of research into cancer immunotherapies, the team focuses on analyzing the biological functions of cytotoxic lymphocytes to improve tumor elimination. Team members develop research projects spanning from basic research—covering the role of adhesion molecules, intracellular signaling, immunometabolism, and cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment—to translational research. Indeed, our experimental approaches aim to identify new avenues for cancer immunotherapy treatments.
• Marc Lopez, CRCM. Marc Lopez, a researcher at Inserm and the Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), discovered and characterized the [Nectin-4](0.5.1, 0.5.5) protein. He demonstrated its key role as a biomarker in numerous cancers (notably breast and bladder cancer), leading to the development of therapeutic antibodies and CAR-T cells.
• Eric Vivier, CIML. Éric Vivier has contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the development and function of NK cells and paved the way for their therapeutic manipulation. He also enabled the identification and characterization of specific subpopulations of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in both mice and humans. In turn, his discoveries have had a profound impact on the then-emerging field of innate immunity. His early work deciphered the mode of action of MHC class I-inhibitory receptors expressed on NK cells and extended the concept of ITIM-bearing receptors to a wide range of cell types and biological functions. Concurrently, his group identified an ITAM-motif polypeptide (KARAP/DAP12/Tyrobp) that governs NK cell activation. The author of over 300 scientific papers, Éric Vivier serves on the editorial boards of leading scientific journals and the expert panel of the European Research Council, and sits on the scientific advisory boards of several pharmaceutical companies and institutes. 
• Aurélie Tchoghandjian, INP. ​The goal of the GlioME team is to identify relevant targets and characterize their functional roles in tumor growth and progression in order to develop innovative therapeutic strategies for treating glioblastoma (GBM). GBM is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, with a median survival of 15 months post-diagnosis (PMID: 34185076). The standard treatment for GBM consists of surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy (PMID: 15758009). This protocol was established in 2005 and has remained unchanged since; consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies. GBM’s resistance to treatment is primarily driven by the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of GBM, including the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs); and the unique nature of the GBM tumor microenvironment, which is surrounded by a blood-brain barrier that impedes drug penetration. Within the GlioME team, we are developing expertise across several areas to address these challenges: preclinical modeling, the development of tailored drug delivery systems, imaging techniques and immunophenotyping, and translational research.
• Nausicaa Malissen, AP-HM. Background The PK/PD relationships of immune checkpoint inhibitors are not fully understood. In this real-world study, we monitored plasma concentrations of nivolumab and investigated to what extent they could predict clinical outcome in a cohort of unresectable stage III or IV melanoma patients. Methods 52 adult patients (26M/26F), mean age 64.3 years (range 31-89), performance status 0 (79.2%) or 1 (20.8%) were treated with 1 mg/kg nivolumab + 3 mg/kg ipilimumab (35 patients) or single agent nivolumab 240 mg Q2W or 480 mg Q4W flat dose (17 patients). Radiological response was assessed every 3 months per clinical practice. Nivolumab plasma concentrations (Cmax: end of infusion and Cmin: trough levels) were measured at the first cycle (C1). Nivolumab was analysed using a validated mass spectrometry method. 

Blended Intensive Programme

This CIVIS course is a Blended Intensive Programme (BIP): a new format of Erasmus+ mobility which combines online teaching with a short trip to another campus to learn alongside students and professors across Europe.

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